The centenary celebration of the Gujarati magazine “Kumar” was a significant event. Held in Mumbai, this event marked 100 years of the magazine’s journey, Shri Praful Raval will share the experience and highlights of its historical importance and contributions to Gujarati literature. His talk will include the discussions on the magazine’s diverse content, its high-quality reading material, and its impact on multiple generations.
This outline is structured for a student-friendly, clinical, and exam-focused guide (approx. 20–30 pages depending on images). You can copy this directly into a Word/Google Doc, add diagrams, and save as PDF. Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques Essential Guide for Dental Students & Professionals
4 BW + 2 PA (or 4 PA + 4 BW per arch depending on exam). End of content. dental radiography principles and techniques pdf
Minimum 8 inches (short cone) or 16 inches (long cone). This outline is structured for a student-friendly, clinical,
| Error | Cause | Correction | |-------|-------|-------------| | Elongation (tooth looks long) | Insufficient vertical angulation | Increase vertical angle | | Foreshortening (tooth looks short) | Excessive vertical angulation | Decrease vertical angle | | Cone cut | Beam not centered on film | Center beam properly | | Overlap | Horizontal angulation wrong | Aim through contacts | | Projection | Purpose | Vertical Angulation (paralleling) | Receptor placement | |------------|---------|----------------------------------|--------------------| | Periapical (PA) | Crown, root, bone crest, apex | +5° to +10° (posterior); +30° to +40° (anterior) | Extends 2-3 mm beyond occlusal/incisal edge | | Bitewing (BW) | Interproximal caries, crestal bone level | +5° to +10° | Tab centered on molars/premolars; patient bites | | Occlusal | Large areas (supernumeraries, sialoliths, fractures) | +65° to +90° | Film placed flat on occlusal plane | apex | +5° to +10° (posterior)
Here is the for a PDF titled "Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques" .
Insert high-quality labeled diagrams for: X-ray tube, paralleling vs. bisecting technique, common positioning errors (elongation/foreshortening), panoramic ghost images, normal radiographic anatomy (maxilla/mandible labeled), and a flowchart for "Before retaking X-ray."
Was Gujarati teacher, poet, essayist and short story writer. Praful Raval is a co-editor of Kavilok and Kumar and worked as a general secretary of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad. He received Kumar Suvarna Chandrak in 1982.
Praful Raval completed his Bachelor of Arts from C. M Desai Arts and Commerce College, Viramgam in Gujarati and joined the School of Language, Gujarat University. He completed a Master of Arts, a Master of Philosophy and Ph.D.
Praful Raval taught at L. C Kanya Vidyalaya, Viramgam from 1970to 1983 and Sheth M. J High School, Viramgam from 1983 to 1984. In 1984, he founded Kruti Prakashan, a publishing company.
In 1992, he founded a primary school namely Shishu Niketan,later known as Setu Vidyalaya. In 1995,he founded another school, Sarjan Vidyamandir, and served there as principal till 2006.
In 2012, he became co-editor of Kumar. He works as general secretary of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad.