[6] FIDO Alliance. (2022). FIDO2 Specifications for biometric authenticators.
Includes: 10,000 thermal cycles, 5kV ESD contact discharge, chemical resistance (diesel, brake fluid, hand sanitizer), and 500 hours salt spray. End of paper driver smart card bps n99
[8] BPS Consortium Whitepaper (2025). "Biometric Payment & Security – Architecture Version 2.1." Available upon request. [6] FIDO Alliance
Biometric smart cards have been deployed in national IDs (e.g., India’s Aadhaar-based cards, Malaysia’s MyKad) but rarely for professional drivers with daily rugged use. The borrows from financial EMVCo security requirements and adds driver‑specific attributes (license class, medical validity, hazardous materials endorsement). Includes: 10,000 thermal cycles, 5kV ESD contact discharge,
| Type | Example | Weakness | |------|---------|-----------| | Magnetic stripe | Fuel cards, old license cards | Easily cloned, no biometric | | Passive RFID | Toll tags | No driver authentication | | ELD + password | Electronic logging device with PIN | PIN sharing, shoulder surfing |
[2] ISO/IEC 24787:2018 – Information technology – On‑card biometric comparison.
[7] Maes, R. (2019). Biometric Authentication on Smart Cards . Springer.