/var/log/messages: pfctl: /etc/pf.conf:87: syntax error /var/log/messages: pfctl: /etc/pf.conf:87: rule expands to a non-list element
Silence. Then the gentle tick of the rule counter. pf configuration incompatible with pf program version
But he knew the real story. The firewall had been working fine. Until the moment it wasn't. And the difference between those two moments was a single line in a changelog no one had read, and a list of IP addresses wrapped in the wrong kind of curly braces. /var/log/messages: pfctl: /etc/pf
pfctl -sr | grep "api_sources"
He pulled up the man page on his laptop. pf.conf(5) . There it was, buried in the "Migration Notes" for 7.5: The from <list> syntax has been deprecated for non-route-related filter rules. Use an anchor or table for multiple source prefixes. Direct lists in a pass in rule will now raise a fatal syntax error. A fatal error. Not a warning. Not a "this might break." A stone-cold, refuse-to-start fatal error. The firewall had been working fine